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The new model of water resource management in Brazil is characterized by decentralization and the shared participation of the public power, users and society. The National System of Water Resource Management (NSWRM) is still being debated and numerous issues prevent its operationalization, the main stumbling block being the management instrument for raw water charges. The aim of the present article was to assess knowledge on water resource management, emphasizing water use charges, in the hydrographic basin of the Santa Maria River, RS, Brazil, which is predominately used for rice irrigation. According to a statistical criterion, 384 questionnaires were applied among the approximately 200,000 inhabitants with questions addressing issues on water use, the Basin Committee, and raw water charges. The survey demonstrated that the basin population is more aware of the NSWRM as compared with results obtained for the whole of Brazil. The population proved generally in favor of raw water charges for the purposes established in Brazilian legislation. The Santa Maria River Basin Committee is one of the most advanced and active in the State of Rio Grande do Sul, operating since 1994. However, in order to become a true instrument of articulation of the basin interests and local development, society must definitively consider the hydrographic basin as a management unit and the committee as a forum for advancing legal issues regarding integrated regional development.

Gestão dos Recursos Hídricos e Cobrança pelo Uso da Água: Visão da Sociedade da Bacia Hidrográfica do Rio Santa Maria/RS