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The Spotted Deer or Chital (Axis axis) is only Cervid within genus Axis. Three other species that were part of this genus are now grouped in Hyelaphus on the basis of their genetic evidence. Axis axis is also known as chital deer, spotted deer or axis deer. Axis axis is very common in Indian subcontinent. They live in herds. Antlers of spotted deer are lyre-shaped and way of howling is primitive as compared to other species of deer. Spotted deer is very common in forests of India, Sri Lanka, Nepal, Bangladesh, Bhutan, but it has very small population in Pakistan (Duckworth et al., 2008). Population of spotted deer has decreased during last two centuries because of human activities and the uncontrolled use of natural resources. Under the influence of human activities in present times, a lot of animal species have become extinct or they are in the danger of extinction. This extinction of animal species not only has ecological but also economic and social loss for human being. Small population size due to excessive hunting results in loss of genetic diversity that is required for acclimatization of a population in changing environmental conditions (Thevenon et al., 2004). Different plannings and actions are oriented towards restoration of such species that had plentiful populations in the past. One of the most common actions in this regard is translocation of individuals from viable populations. This causes loss of genetic diversity. So, present day attention is focused to avoid or reverse the loss of genetic diversity in such populations or to establish populations with high genetically diversity in former areas. In present era of molecular genetics, Cytochromeb, c and dloop region of mitochondria are potent markers that can be used for characterization of different genetic resources (Goldstein and Pollock, 1997). Molecular data on Genetic diversity and phylogenetic analysis studies in Pakistani spotted deer is rare. In this context there was need to explore the genetic architecture variation and phylogenetic relations within Pakistani populations of spotted deer.

SEQUENCE DIVERSITY AND PHYLOGENETIC ANALYSIS IN PAKISTANI SPOTTED DEER (Axis axis)