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近年黄砂や汚染大気と挙動をともにするカビや細菌黄砂バイオエアロゾルにも強い関心が寄せられそのヒト健康や環境生態系への影響が危惧されるしかし大気に含まれる微生物群を定性定量する十分な分析手法は確立されておらず大気中での微生物の動態には不明な点が多い本研究では大型の黄砂が見られた2011年5月上旬に石川県金沢大学のテラス高度10 mにおいて大気試料を採取し16S rDNAクローン解析によって細菌種組成を調べ蛍光顕微鏡観察を用いた直接計数法によって細菌細胞濃度を定量した黄砂現象中盤ではBacillus属の細菌種が優占し黄砂発生地タクラマカン砂漠で検出された種と近縁になった黄砂初期と終盤には海洋に生息する細菌種が多く検出され黄砂と混合した日本海の海水に起因すると推察できる蛍光顕微鏡観察での計数では細菌細胞濃度は黄砂時に100倍に増え特に黄砂発生時には海洋由来のグラム陰性細菌も風送され全細菌数の40 を占めることが分かった Microbial communities transported by Asian desert dust (KOSA) events have attracted much attention as bioaerosols, because the transported microorganisms are thought to influence biological ecosystems, and human life as well as atmospheric processes in downwind areas. However, the microbial dynamics in Japan during a KOSA dust event are unclear. In this study, sequential air sampling was performed on the top of a building (10 m altitude) within the KOSA arrival area (Kanazawa City, Japan: 36.6°N, 136.7°E) from May 1 to May 7, 2013, when a dust event occurred. A 16S rDNA clone library prepared from air samples mainly belonged to three phyla, such as Firmicutes, Cyanobacteria, and Alpha-proteobacteria. Some clones of Firmicutes appeared specifically during the midst of a dust event, and consisted primarily of Bacillus subtilis and B. pumilus, which are known to dominantly inhabit atmospheric area in the KOSA source area (Chinese desert). The clones belonging to Cyanobacteria and Alpha-proteobacteria were mainly detected at the initial and last periods of dust events; they are relatives to marine bacterial species. Our results suggest that airborne bacterial communities on the surface of ground during a dust event are composed of terrestrial and pelagic bacterial populations, and that the dust event influences the dynamics of airborne bacterial communities on the ground surface of a downwind area

Analysis of Airborne-bacterial Compositions Using 16S rDNA Clone Library Technique