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A laser ablation technique has been studied as a versatile method of direct solid sampling for subsequent elemental analysis. It has been successfully coupled with analytical techniques such as atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS)1-3, microwave-induced4, direct currents, and inductively coupled6,7 plasma atomic emission spectrometry (MIP-, DCPand ICP-AES) and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS).8-1° These tandem methods have a number of advantages such as high sensitivity, little or no sample preparation, small amount of samples required and the ability to analyze both conductive and nonconductive solids. We recently investigated laser ablation/ ICP-AES and ICP-MS in order to develop a rapid method for solid analysis.7'8' 11,12 In these reports we showed that fractional vaporization, which limited analytical precision and accuracy, occurred during the ablation process. On the other hand, Hager10 indicated in a report on laser ablation/ ICP-MS that differences in the response factors were observed between free-running and Q-switched laser modes of operation • and that more uniform responses were obtained with the Q-switching mode. Thompson et a1.13 also showed that the matrix effect associated with an ablation event can be minimized with a maximum Q-switched laser. These results show that the magnitude of selective vaporization depends on the types of laser pulses. The present work aimed at investigating the laser dependence of selective vaporization. The use of six types of the laser pulses (three types of lasers each at two different running modes) was compared by collecting ablated particles, followed by analyzing them with solution-based ICP-AES or ICP-MS.

Selective Vaporization in Laser Ablation Solid Sampling for Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission and Mass Spectrometry of Steels