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The fluorescence behaviors of potential-sensitive dyes including anionic DiBAC 4 (3) (denoted by dye A), DiSBAC 2 (3) (dye B), and zwitterionic di-4-ANEPPS (dye C) were studied in oil-in-water (O/W) emulsions. In this study, the equilibrium Galvani potential difference (Δ O  W φ eq ) of the O/W-emulsion droplets was controlled by changing the ratio of the concentrations of electrolytes added to the O (=1,2-dichloroethane) and W phases. When using an adequate combination of the dyes, i.e., B and C, we could observe that the ratio of their fluorescence peak intensities was changed from 1.08 to 1.38, depending on the change of (Δ O  W φ eq from 26 to 73 mV. It is desirable to apply this method to study the potential-dependent ion or electron-transfer reactions occurring at vesicles or liposomes, and also to biomembranes.

Determination of the Electrostatic Potential of Oil-in-Water Emulsion Droplets by Combined Use of Two Membrane Potential-Sensitive Dyes