English (United Kingdom)

https://curated-unify.zendy.io/wp-json/zendy-region/v1/featured_content/oa?rat=en

https://curated-unify.zendy.io/wp-json/zendy-region/v1/highlighted_journal/

Global: Zendy Plus annual

Presents the access of premium content as premium feature

Premium Content

Presents the keyphrase highlighting as premium feature

Keyphrase Highlighting

Presents the summarisation as premium feature

Summarisation

Insights

Presents the pdf analysis as premium feature

PDF Analysis

Presents the zaia usage as premium feature

ZAIA

Global: Zendy Tools annual

Global: Zendy Free Plan

Global: Zendy Tools monthly

Global: Zendy Plus monthly

ing agents which are often used in the paper-making process to increase the water-resistance of printing and writing paper. Recently, fortified rosins consisting of rosin acid and its adducts have been prepared by a partial reaction of rosin acid with maleic anhydride or fumaric acid, and widely utilized in practical paper manufacturing. More recently, a fortified rosin-glycerin ester sizing agent has been developed as one of the most promising sizing agents to obtain not only improved sizing efficiency, but also better lubricability of the surface of paper during the papermaking process. Figure 1 shows a typical preparation route of the fortified rosin-glycerin ester sizing agent, which consists of a mixture of the rosin-glycerin ester and the rosin adduct-glycerin ester. It is important to determine the amount of sizing agent retained in paper samples for their quality control, because the rosin emulsion added to pulp slurry is partly lost with white water during paper production. Usually, the amounts of rosin sizing agent retained in paper is determined by extracting the rosin with some organic solvent, followed by weighing the extract after evaporating the solvent.1 Another method to determine the rosin content using the absorbance of the extract is also reported.2 However, even the time-consuming extraction procedure often results in an insufficient recovery, causing a less-accurate determination because trace amounts of the rosin components are not only physically retained in the paper, but are also chemically bound to the paper matrix to some extent after fixing. One of the most representative techniques used to determine various trace sizing agents in paper is pyrolysis–gas chromatography (Py-GC), which has been successfully applied to the analysis of wet-strength resin3 and neutral sizing agents.4 The conventional Py-GC, however, is not directly applicable to determine rosin sizing agents because of their extremely high polarities, even using a high-resolution capillary column. Recently, reactive pyrolysis in the presence of an organic alkali, tetramethylammonium hydroxide (TMAH) ((CH3)4NOH), was successfully applied to determine the amounts of the rosin sizing agents in paper samples.5 In this work, reactive Py-GC in the presence of organic alkali was extended in order to determine the fortified rosin-glycerin ester sizing agents in paper samples.

Determination of Fortified Rosin-Glycerin Ester Sizing Agents in Paper by Reactive Pyrolysis-Gas Chromatography in the Presence of an Organic Alkali