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The grafting of acrylic acid (AA) and methacrylic acid (MAA) made poly (ethylene terephthalate) (PET) hydrophilic. The alkali-treatment of the grafted PET enhanced the hydrophilicity, transforming carboxyl groups into their Na-salt form. However, the use of natural water, which contained multi-valent metal ions, in the alkali-treatment of the grafted PET did not bring as high a hydrophilicity as expected. From model reactions in which aqueous CaCl2 solutions was used as media of the alkali-treatment, it became clear that the presence of Ca ions in the alkali-treatment suppressed transforming reaction of carboxyl groups of the grafted PET into the Na-salt form. It was suggested that gel formation of the grafted poly (AA/MAA) shut up the reactive sites, thus preventing transformation of carboxyl groups. The addition of a sequestering agent to the alkali-treating solution was useful in preventing multi-valent metal ion's effect and in bringing about smooth transformation of carboxyl groups into the Na-salt form.

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Grafting of vinyl monomers onto synthetic fibers. (Part 8). Effect of calcium ion on transforming reaction of carboxyl groups into their sodium salts in poly (ethylene terephthalate) grafted by acrylic acid and methacrylic acid.