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Anodic aluminum oxide (AAO) was used as a template coupled with liquid process for synthesis of TiO2 nanorods and semi-nanotubes. Immersion setting (IS) and vacuum drop setting (VDS) were carried out to insert a TiO2 precursor solution into AAO pores. With the calcination and NaOH aq. treatment to remove AAO, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) revealed that TiO2 nanorods with diameter around 100–200 nm were successfully fabricated from IS, whereas TiO2 semi-nanotubes were given from VDS. The synthesized nanorods or semi-nanotubes were mixed with commercial TiO2 nanoparticles (P-25) with mixing ratios of 5:95, 10:90 and 15:85 (by mass). The optimum mixing ratios for nanorods and semi-nanotubes are 5:95 and 10:90, respectively. The photoelectrodes made with nanorods or semi-nanotubes showed better performances than the cells used of only P-25, because of the effects of one-dimensional (1-D) nanostructure

journal of the ceramic society of japan

TiO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; nanorods and semi-nanotubes prepared from anodic aluminum oxide template and their applications as photoelectrodes in dye-sensitized solar cells