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A series of (Gd21xLix)Ti2O71x with x = 0.050­0.150, abbreviated as GLT-2L were prepared by the addition of 2x mole of LiO0.5 self-flux in the parent compound. Preparation temperatures were between 1450 and 1500°C depending on the amount of the selfflux addition. Relative densities of all GLT-2L samples were larger than 97.9(3)%. However, the parent compound, Gd2Ti2O7 has no LiO0.5 co-existence, it has a relative density of 92.8(4)% only, although it was prepared at a higher temperature, 1650°C. Among the GLT-2L samples, the one with x = 0.110 has the highest total electrical conductivity, 6.17(6) © 1015 S·cm11 at 700°C and the lowest activation energy, 0.95(3) eV. Doping Li ions into the Gd-site of Gd2Ti2O7, preparation temperature was lowered and samples become denser. Meanwhile, vacancies were created and electrical conductivity was increased. At 500°C, average ionic transference numbers (ti) found for all samples are fully ionic. Increasing temperature, ti decreases slightly due to the increase of the fractional electronic conductivity of the (Gd21xLix)Ti2O71x, which is a mixed conductor at high temperature. Ti atoms are in the the mixed valence states.

journal of the ceramic society of japan

Electrical properties of the (Gd&lt;sub&gt;2&amp;minus;&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;sub&gt;x&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/i&gt;Li&lt;i&gt;&lt;sub&gt;x&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/i&gt;)Ti&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;O&lt;sub&gt;7&amp;minus;&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;sub&gt;x&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/i&gt; co-existence with the LiO&lt;sub&gt;0.5&lt;/sub&gt; self-flux