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he British army’s Highland regiments have proven to be one of the most resilient and enduring institutions to emerge in post-Union Scotland. While the empire that created them has come and gone, both literary and popular interest in many aspects of the Highland regimental tradition remain strong. This ongoing attraction is due largely to the flexible nature of the regiments themselves and the larger cultural issues that find expression through them. Although initially sanctioned in the 1740s and 1750s to maximise the use of Highlanders as cannon fodder, their role has nevertheless continually evolved.2 Later in the same century they were promoted in order to rehabilitate leading Jacobite families and ensure the social and cultural acceptance of the region’s elite by the rest of Britain’s landed establishment. More generally, it has been argued that the positive shift in perceptions of the Gael from an alien barbarian in 1746 to a loyal and morally upstanding Briton by 1815 was due in large part to his conspicuous service in such levies.3 In the nineteenth century the role of Highland regiments adapted yet again, and the tartan warrior became a wider symbol of Scotland’s martial past and of its equal, not to say disproportionate, role in the Empire. This perception was driven by the country’s anxieties over its place and importance within the domestic British Union. Faced with the need to counter their nation’s patently junior status, Scots both Lowland and Highland used such regiments as a pan Scottish badge to prove their country’s value and worth to the United Kingdom.4 Scottish Tradition Vol. 26 2001

Continuity, Coercion and Myth: The Recruitment of Highland Regiments in the Later Eighteenth Century