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Kemoterapi merupakan aplikasi senyawa kimia (ribavirin) yang memiliki aktivitas antiviral guna menghambat ataupun menghentikan multiplikasi virus pada jaringan tanaman. Penelitian bertujuan mengetahui pengaruh konsentrasi ribavirin terhadap pertumbuhan shoot tip bawang merah untuk mengeliminasi virus OYDV. Penelitian dilaksanakan di Laboratorium Kultur Jaringan 3, Departemen AGH IPB dan Laboratorium Virologi Tumbuhan, Departemen Proteksi Tanaman IPB, sejak bulan Oktober 2015 hingga Juni 2016. Rancangan percobaan yang digunakan adalah kelompok lengkap teracak dengan dua faktor dan empat ulangan, setiap ulangan terdiri atas empat tabung kultur yang ditanam satu eksplan. Percobaan dilakukan secara terpisah pada dua kultivar bawang merah, yaitu Bima Brebes dan Tiron. Faktor pertama adalah konsentrasi ribavirin, yaitu 0, 5, 10, 15, dan 20 mg/L. Faktor kedua adalah ukuran eksplan (shoot tip), yaitu 1,1–2,0 mm dan 2,1–3,0 mm. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa peningkatan konsentrasi ribavirin menekan tinggi tunas cv. Bima Brebes, waktu muncul daun, tinggi tunas, dan jumlah daun cv. Tiron. Ukuran shoot tip yang lebih besar (2,1–3,0 mm) dapat meningkatkan persentase tumbuh eksplan dan mempercepat waktu muncul daun pada cv. Bima Brebes dan Tiron. Konsentrasi ribavirin yang diaplikasikan pada dua ukuran shoot tip masih belum dapat mengeliminasi virus OYDV pada kedua kultivar bawang merah. Keywords Bawang merah; In vitro; Ribavirin; Shoot tip Abstract Chemotherapy is an apllication of chemistry compound (ribavirin) that has antiviral activity to inhibit virus multiplication in plant tissues. The objective of the experiment was to evaluate the effect of ribavirin concentrations on shoot tip growth of shallot for OYDV eradication. The experiment was cunducted at Tissue Culture Laboratory 3, Agronomy Department and Plant Virology Laboratory, Plant Protection Department of IPB from October 2015 until June 2016. The experiment was arranged in a completely rendomized block design with two factors and four replications. Each experimental unit consisted of four bottles with one explant in it. The first factor was ribavirin concentrations, i.e. 0, 5, 10, 15, and 20 mg/L. Second factor was shoot tip sizes, i.e. 1.1–2.0 mm and 2.1–3.0 mm. The experiment showed that increasing ribavirin concentrations suppressed the shoot length of cv. Bima Brebes, and it also inhibited the time of leaf to emerge, shoot length, and leaf number of cv. Tiron. Increasing shoot tip size (2.1–3.0 mm) influenced percentage of explant growth and speed the time of leaf emergance of cv. Bima Brebes and Tiron. Ribavirin concentrations used in this treatment did not eradicate OYDV in both shoot tipe sizes of the two cultivars.

Aplikasi Ribavirin Pada Shoot Tip Bawang Merah untuk Eliminasi Virus OYDV (Application of Ribavirin on Shoot Tip of Shallot for OYDV Eradication)