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ABSTRAK. Penelitian dilakukan di Balai Penelitian Bioteknologi Perkebunan Indonesia, Bogor pada bulan Oktober 2000. Tujuan penelitian adalah mengetahui jarak genetik dan kekerabatan 26 aksesi pisang berdasarkan primer RAPD. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa koefisien kemiripan genetik antara 26 aksesi pisang berkisar antara 0,452-0,976 atau jarak genetik 0,548-0,024. Genom A dan B berbeda klaster pada koefisien kemiripan genetik 0,80 atau jarak genetik 0,20, kecuali pada aksesi Ampyang (AAA), Nangka (AAB), Cici Kuning (AA), dan Sililit (AAB). Zuriat-zuriat dengan keragaman karakter yang tinggi diperoleh dari persilangan antaraksesi Cici Kuning (AA) dengan Klutuk (BB) atau Cici Kuning dengan Klutuk Wulung (BB). Primer RAPD dapat digunakan untuk tujuan meningkatkan efisiensi, efektivitas, dan ketepatan identifikasi varietas pada program pemuliaan pisang. ABSTRACT. Sukartini. 2008. Analysis of Genetic Distance and Relationship of Banana Based on RAPD Primers. The research was conducted at Indonesian Biotechnology Research Institute for Estate Crops, Bogor, in October 2000. The research objective was to determine the genetic distance and relationship among 26 banana accessions based on RAPD. The results showed that the genetic distance was between 0.548-0.024. A and B genome were different cluster with genetic similarity coeffisient of 0.80 or genetic distance 0.20. Zuriates with high characters variability could be found from crossing of Cici Kuning (AA) with Klutuk (BB) or Cici Kuning with Klutuk Wulung (BB). RAPD primers could be used to increase efficiency and effectivity as well as precise variety identification in banana breeding.

Analisis Jarak Genetik dan Kekerabatan Aksesi-aksesi Pisang berdasarkan Primer Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA