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Seven (including one new) species of the polyplacophoran genus Ischnochiton (Ischnochitonidae) from the Pacific coast of Japan, namely, I. boninensis, I. comptus, I. manazuruensis, I. hakodadensis, I. hayamii sp. nov., I. paululus, and I. poppei, were investigated on the basis of DNA sequence analyses of COI, 16S rRNA, 18S rRNA, and 28S rRNA gene regions. For the latter four species, SEM observations were simultaneously carried out. A molecular phylogenetic tree based on the four gene regions for 18 chiton species indicated that the seven Japanese Ischnochiton species are polyphyletic and originated from two different clades. A haplotype network based on the COI gene region for the six Japanese Ischnochiton species, except I. hakodadensis, showed that the genetic distances among them were large. The SEM observations revealed that the denticles of the major lateral teeth in the seven Japanese Ischnochiton species were bicuspid, and an accessory process was only observed in the minor lateral teeth of I. hakodadensis. Ischnochiton hayamii sp. nov. cooccurs with I. boninensis, I. comptus, and I. manazuruensis at the two investigated localities, and was difficult to distinguish from other, similar species by naked eyes. However, these can be discriminated based on a combination of adult body size, girdle scales, and valve sculpturing in the lateral and central areas.

Phylogenetic Relationships Among Japanese Species of the Genus Ischnochiton (Polyplacophora: Ischnochitonidae), Including a New Species