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Homogenous dispersions of engineered nanomaterials (ENMs) for use in bioassay media for exposures/characterizations are crucial in ecotoxicology assays of nanomaterials in order to obtain reliable and repeatable results. Further, selection of the method for spiking sediment should consider the functional feeding behavior of benthic organisms which impact the way they are exposed to ENMs in the sediment; therefore, this procedure provides step-by-step methods for spiking nanoparticle working stock suspensions into or onto the surface of sediment for bioassays based on test organism functional group. Users are directed to follow the section relevant to their testing need and parent material (e.g., aqueous based-ENMs or powder ENMs). If followed correctly, near-homogenous particle dispersions of the reference materials and a best case scenario for dispersion of test materials in sediment/test water should be achieved using this procedural guidance. DISCLAIMER: The contents of this report are not to be used for advertising, publication, or promotional purposes. Citation of trade names does not constitute an official endorsement or approval of the use of such commercial products. All product names and trademarks cited are the property of their respective owners. The findings of this report are not to be construed as an official Department of the Army position unless so designated by other authorized documents. DESTROY THIS REPORT WHEN NO LONGER NEEDED. DO NOT RETURN IT TO THE ORIGINATOR.

Sediment spiking methodologies for nanomaterial powders and aqueous suspensions for aquatic toxicity bioassays : Scientific Operating Procedure series : SOP-T-3