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Due to a reduced contribution of the livestock producers from the XIVth Tulija-Tseltal-Chol Region to the overall livestock activity in Chiapas, a study was carried out in order to recognize the bovine cattle breed types that conform the structural arrangement of cattle herds linked to a description of the farming system characteristics that supports the regional production in order to be able to count on useful information which may help to understand its operation, visualising its advantages and disadvantages and to configure which components are the ones which may lower their production and to develop strategies that promote their productivity. The study was carried out by calculating the proportion of bovine pure breeds or its crosses within the different farm areas dedicated for livestock production, analyzing a series of socioeconomic variables such as: age and study level, other production variables were also studied: Total livestock population, number of cows, calves’ birth, pasture type, pasture extent, number of pastures, rangeland improvement, technological development, available infrastructure. The variables were examined through statistical multivariate analyses by using the analysis of the main components and cluster analysis, Bartlett and KMO statistics, which indicated satisfactory values to proceed with the analyses. The results indicate that continuous crossbreeding is the most commonly used reproductive activity within the livestock production units in the region (43.5 %), being the smaller farms where it has a greater impact (30.7 %), although it is also a common practice in larger farms, indicating that the farm size does not determine the selection of a purebred in order to increase production. The presence of Creole cattle can be observed in small-size farms (3.2 %) while it has practically disappeared in the rest. From the analyzed and described groups we can conclude that they share common elements and can be used as a systematic tool to examine the livestock activity that prevails in the region; nevertheless, the existence of a diverse genetic background seated in all groupings should be noted, so we can infer that the selection of one race or another and the continuous crossbreeding is not influenced by the size of the farm, age, study level or experience of the producer, or the technological development; it would rather seem that the importance of maintaining crossbreeding as the preferred productive factor over pure breeds is conditioned by other decisions that point out towards keeping animals that show rusticitry and are genetically resistant, which enables survival under adverse geographical and climatic conditions also linked to the indigenous and peasant way of life.

Estructura de razas, cruzas y criollos de ganado bovino en los sistemas productivos de la región Tulijá-Tseltal-Chol en Chiapas, México