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The first automobile safety “air bag” was successfully demonstrated in 1955 by its inventor, who boasted in a news reel film that the next year’s automobiles would have the air bag as a standard equipment feature. Looking back, one must wonder why such an important safety device took nearly 40 years to become a standard feature in the automobile industry. During the same time frame, Dr. Jonas Salk discovered a cure for the dreaded polio virus. In contrast to the air bag innovation, it was only a few months before every school child in the nation began receiving a polio shot. Why did these two life saving innovations differ so radically in their rate of transfer from the developer to the user? This question addresses two interdisciplinary fields of study; (1) technology transfer and (2) diffusion of innovations (Cottrill, Rogers, & Mills, 1989). These fields provide the link between technology development and utilization, and moves the work of technology developers into the hands of end users. Without the successful movement of technology out of a development lab and into a user’s environment, the potential of new technologies cannot be fully realized. While technology transfer typically “refers to the development of a technology in one setting which is then transferred for use in another setting” (Markert, 1993, p. 231), diffusion is used to describe the “spreading” or use of a technology within a society, organization, or group of individuals (Rogers, 1995). Technology transfer tends to focus on the producer of the technology while much of the focus of diffusion relates to the end user of the technology. Viewed from the holistic perspective of technology development and utilization, these two areas are closely interrelated and must be considered together. In this article, the term technology transfer will be defined broadly to include both the movement of technology from the site of origin to the site of use and issues concerning the ultimate acceptance and use of the technology by the end user. Adopting this broad definition of technology transfer implies that a technology has not been successfully transferred until it has been accepted and used by the end user.  Scott D. Johnson is Associate Professor and Graduate Programs Coordinator, Department of Vocational and Technical Education. Elizabeth Faye Gatz is a Doctoral Student, College of Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, Illinois. Don Hicks is Project Manager, United States Army Construction Engineering Research Laboratory, Champaign, Illinois.

Expanding the Content Base of Technology Education: Technology Transfer as a Topic of Study