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The purposes of this study were to explore the current scenario of interscholastic athletics in regards to the existence and enforcement of lightning safety policies applied to athletic outdoor activities, and to identify the common practices related to lightning safety currently utilized. The results showed that 87.2% of the respondents (N=804) have lightning safety policies. However, only 90.3% of the respondents who have lightning safety policies actually enforce them. It seems that during practices coaches are most commonly responsible for making the decision to stop/resume activity, and that during games athletic directors are most commonly making the call. However, almost one third of the respondents (N=804) do not have a clear designation as to who makes the decision. A less than desirable percentage of respondents reported frequent use of a lightning detection system, availability of shelters for spectators, and posted lightning policy in facilities. Only 7.8% of the respondents indicated that all athletic coaches and staff receive lightning safety training. The results also showed that more experienced administrators were more likely to have and enforce lightning safety policies, and employ lightning safety best practices. This study provides high school athletic administrators and principals with relevant information that can be used to support their decision to adopt and enforce lightning safety policies for interscholastic athletic activities 60 Lightning Safety: How is it conducted at NIAAA Member High Palmero, Dotterweich, Lhotsky & Walker Introduction Tens of thousands of thunderstorms and tens of millions of cloud-to-ground lightning flashes occur across the United States each year, but only a small fraction of the population is directly harmed or killed by lightning (Ashley & Gilson, 2009; Holle, Lopez & Zimmerman, 1999). After flooding, lightning is the second leading cause of weather-related death in the United States; approximately 400 injuries and 100 deaths are associated annually with lightning strikes in the United States (Holle et al., 1999; Walsh, Bennett, Cooper, Holle, Kithil & Lopez, 2000). According to Ashley and Gilson (2009), harm and fatality due to lightning are caused by an increased number of unorganized storms, human vulnerability, and less warning and mitigation activities. Despite its occurrence, “lightning is a leading source of storm deaths in the United States” (Roeder, Holle, Cooper & Hodanish, 2012, p.1). The highest density of cloud-to-ground lightning strikes occurs in the southeastern and southern regions of the United States (Bennett, 1997; Roeder, Holle, Cooper & Hodanish, 2012). The majority of the reported lightning accidents occur in the afternoon, which is the time of the day most of the student-athletes (involved in outdoor sports at high school and college levels) usually practice and compete (Bennett, 1997; Roeder & Jensenius, 2012; Walsh et al., 2000). Thus, high schools have to be prepared to prevent lightning from harming, or worse taking the lives of teenage athletes (and their fans) who engage in outdoor interscholastic sports. Outdoor sports are an integral part of the lives of high school students and have the potential to offer them many benefits. In addition to the well-known mental, physical, economic, and spectator benefits provided by outdoor high school sports, the possible costs or hazards related to lightning occurring during participation in outdoor interscholastic sports are always present (Lipsey, 2006; Ashley & Gilson, 2009). With outdoor sports and recreation being the activities with the fastest rising lightning casualty rate today (73% of the total deaths by lightning in the U.S., from 2006 to 2011) it is important for coaches, referees, and administrators of outdoor school activities to practice recommended

Lightning Safety: How is it conducted at NIAAA Member High Schools?