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Gender equity is a fundamentally a social justice issue, but it is also an indispensable means to achieve the goals of the 2030 global surgery agenda—the equitable provision of safe, affordable and timely surgical care to all those who need it. A growing body of research in the recent years have illuminated the structural barriers in surgical training and practice that hinder the career progress of individuals in nondominant gender groups, especially cisgender women. Studies have demonstrated significant gender-based discrepancies in salary, academic promotions, and leadership positions in surgery. The lack of adequate parental leave policy in surgical departments has been found to disproportionately affect women such that pursuing parenthood can significantly hurt their careers. Systemic changes and policy reforms are needed to address gender-based discrimination in surgical fields. Mentorship is evidenced to also play an important role in empowering women students and trainees in surgery and mitigating some of the barriers in their path. Currently, there is a large knowledge gap in understanding the gender disparities in surgeons in the context of lowand middle-income countries. Gender-race intersectionality is another topic that necessitates more research worldwide. Lastly, the academic literature resides largely in the cisgender binary. The discourse on gender equity in global surgery must be inclusive of individuals in the transgender umbrella including binary trans men and women, and other gender identities outside the gender binary including non-binary, agender, genderfluid and genderqueer. More research is needed to illuminate the perspectives of these individuals.

Gender equity in global surgery: the feminist mission to achieve the 2030 goals