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Plasma etching is an innovative technique that has been recently appliedin the cleaning of soiled archaeological objects. This research investigatedthe use of low-pressure plasma etching in cleaning microbial contaminationson an oolitic limestone from an UNESCO World Heritage listed monument: theBatalha Monastery in Central Portugal. The cleaning effect was assessed byFTIR, SEM, optical microscope, and cell viability index measurement.Experimental work suggests that plasma discharge can cause rupture in themicrobial cell structures and is helpful in removing microorganisms from thesurface of the stone. At the macroscopic level, detachment of microbialcrust was also observed in plasma etched bio-deteriorated limestonesurfaces. Furthermore, plasma etching can inhibit the microbial growth bydecomposing and eliminating the sugar-containing compounds on thelimestones, thus eliminating a major nutrient supply for microbialmetabolism and reproduction. Plasma etching can therefore be regarded as afast and eco-friendly conservation tool for stone heritage architecture toprevent/reduce the onset of bio-colonization and biodegradation.

The inhibition of biodegradation on building limestone by plasma etching