RECLAMATION EFFECTIVENESS AT THREE RECLAIMED, ABANDONED MINE SITES IN JEFFERSON COUNTY, MONTANA

Montana has an estimated 6000 abandoned mine sites, many with associated waste rock and tailings materials contributing to the release of high levels of acidity, heavy metals, and other contaminants, creating a risk to human health and the environment. Many abandoned mine sites in Montana have been reclaimed, however, little post-reclamation monitoring has been performed, and the effectiveness of reclamation has not been quantified. The goal of this project was to quantify the effectiveness of reclamation at three sites in Jefferson County, Montana based on soil suitability for sustaining plant growth. Vegetation and soil studies were executed using a stratified random sampling design. Vegetation measurements included canopy cover using Daubenmire cover classes, above ground biomass, and species richness/diversity. Co-located soil samples were excavated in increments to a depth of 60 cm, and analyzed for pH, electrical conductivity, nutrients, soluble, and total metals. Canopy cover estimates ranged from 0-120% and biomass production estimates ranged from 0-4583 kg ha -1 . Differences in species richness and diversity were observed between sample strata. The chemical properties of the soil varied greatly, with pH values ranging from 2.08 - 7.63, and soluble metal values ranging from <0.1-1001 mg l -1 for Zn, .02-20.81 mg l -1 for Cu, <.01-7.39 mg l -1 for Cd, <.05-12.26 mg l -1 for As, and <.1-7.6 mg l -1 for Pb. Sum of total metal and arsenic (As, Cu, Pb, and Zn) concentrations ranged from 133-81448 mg kg -1 . Associations between vegetation and soil chemistry were determined using correlation and analysis of variance (ANOVA). Significant correlations between biomass production and pH, between canopy cover and pH, and between canopy cover and total metal levels were found. Strong correlation between nutrient data and vegetation response was also found. The results of this study will be used to determine possible maintenance that needs to be done at the study sites, as well as aid in future remedial design.