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Aging is inevitable during the use of lithium-ion batteries. However, the influence of aging paths on the safety of the lithium-ion batteries remains unclear, leaving uncertainties about safe operation throughout their full life cycle. This paper studies the influence of aging paths on the thermal runaway features in lithium-ion batteries using ARC. Characteristic temperatures are defined to quantify the thermal stability of lithium-ion batteries. Two kinds of aging tests are designed, high-temperature storage and lowtemperature cycling. The effects of aging on the change in the characteristic temperatures have been investigated, providing a quantified analysis of the evolution of battery safety performance during aging. The thermal stability of the cells after low-temperature cycling is worse than that of the fresh cells and less than that of the cells that are treated by high-temperature exposure. Although the capacity retention rates of the cells aged by high-temperature exposure and low-temperature cycling can be similar, their thermal stabilities are quite different. The consumption of active lithium at the anode surface to generate a new SEI layer will result in a better thermal stability in the cells that are treated by high-temperature exposure. However, if there is lithium deposition on the surface of the anode, the thermal stability of the lithium-ion battery will become worse. The quantitative discussions and conclusions of this paper can provide guidance on evaluating the safety throughout the full life cycle.

Influence of aging paths on the thermal runaway features of lithium-ion batteries in accelerating rate calorimetry tests