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Olivine-structured LiCo1-xFexPO4/C (0.2≤x≤0.5) materials were rapidly synthesized via a microwave solvothermal method at 200 °C for 20 min. According to the XRD and SEM mapping results, partial Co sites are successfully substituted with Fe to form a solid solution and expand the Li + diffusion channel. Both the discharge capacity and cyclic capacity retention as well as the rate capacity of the LiCo1-xFexPO4/C (0.2≤x≤0.5) samples increase with increasing x. Furthermore, the optimized Fe substitution content should be x=0.4 with respect to the energy density. The LiCo0.5Fe0.5PO4/C exhibits the highest capacity retention of 87.7% after 50 cycles at 0.5 C, which could result from its high lithium ion diffusion coefficient (DLi) of 1.48×10 -13 cm 2 s -1 and low charge transfer resistance (Rct) of 74 Ω based on the EIS results. According to the XPS analysis, Fe 2+ and a small amount of Fe 3+ coexist in LiCo0.5Fe0.5PO4/C. The substitution of Fe 3+ in the Co 2+ sites produces Co vacancies accompanied by conduction electrons to maintain the neutrality of the lattice in LiCoPO4, which improves DLi and the bulk electronic conductivity.

Rapid synthesis of LiCo1-xFexPO4/C Cathodes via Microwave Solvothermal Method for Li-ion Batteries