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The aim of this work was to determine the effect of calcination temperature on the characteristics of Fe 2 O 3 nanoparticles (NPs) in sol-gel synthesis. The obtained Fe 2 O 3 NPs was then used as material for preparation of Fe 2 O 3 -water nanofluids. Nanofluids is a mixture between basic fluid like water and 1 - 100 nm solid particles (nanoparticles). Nanoparticles of Fe 2 O 3 have been synthesized from the local mineral Jarosite using sol-gel method by using starfruit ( Averrhoa bilimbi ) extracts as the chelating agent. The calcination temperature was then varied from 500 oC to 700 oC for 5 hours. Based on the X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) analysis, the diffraction pattern of obtained Fe 2 O 3 was relevant with the JCPDS data No. 33-0664 for α-Fe 2 O 3 with hexagonal crystallite system. The crystallite size (Scherrer’s Equation) of obtained α-Fe 2 O 3 nanoparticles at calcination temperatures of 500 oC, 600 oC and 700 oC was 50 nm, 48 nm and 40 nm, respectively. The Surface Area of Fe 2 O 3 NPs at temperature of 500 oC, 600 oC and 700 oC was 45.45 m 2 /g; 26.91 m 2 /g and 17.51 m 2 /g, respectively. Fe 2 O 3 -water nanofluids was relativly stable with zeta potential of -39.60 mV; -46.37 mV and -41.57 mV, respectively for 500 oC, 600 oC and 700 oC calcination temperature. The viscosity of Fe 2 O 3 -water nanofluids was higher than the viscosity of water. The critical heat flux (CHF) value of water-Fe 2 O 3 nanofluids was higher than the CHF water. The highest CHF value for nanofluids was obtained by using α-Fe 2 O 3 nanoparticles with calcination temperature of 600 oC which 34.99 % of increment compare to the base fluid (water).

SYNTHESIS AND CHARACTERIZATION OF Fe2O3 NANOPARTICLES USING Averrhoa bilimbi AS BIOMATERIAL CHELATING AGENT FOR NANOFLUIDS APPLICATION