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Consistent with findings in other markets, implied volatility is a biased predictor of the realized volatility of gold futures. No existing explanation - including a price of volatility risk - can completely explain the bias, but much of this apparent bias can be explained by persistence and estimation error in implied volatility. Statistical criteria reject the hypothesis that implied volatility is informationally efficient with respect to econometric forecasts. But delta hedging exercises indicate that such econometric forecasts have no incremental economic value. Thus, statistical measures of bias and information efficiency are misleading measures of the information content of option prices.

Implied Volatility from Options on Gold Futures: Do Econometric Forecasts Add Value or Simply Paint the Lilly?