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Immobilized microbial cells have been used extensively in various industrial processes. However, immobilized cells have not been used widely for mining industrial applications. Cell immobilization consists of a technique by which microorganisms are confined through physical or chemical interactions in a matrix, or fixed to the surface of the immobilizing agent. In recent years, entrapment of cells within spheres of Ca 2+  alginate has become the most widely used technique for immobilizing living cells. This review examines many of the scientific and technical aspects involved in using Ca 2+  alginate immobilized microbial cells in mining activities, with a particular focus on the biohydrometallurgical industrial applications and processes of soil bioremediation in heavy metal and mercury contaminated mining area, environmental recovery of atmospheric emissions containing H 2 S and treatment of acid mine drainage.

MINING APPLICATIONS OF IMMOBILIZED MICROBIAL CELLS IN AN ALGINATE MATRIX: AN OVERVIEW