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Ploidization level estimation can be conducted in several methods, through morphological, growth response, anatomy, cytology, and molecular markers. The simplest and easiest methods are morphological marker and growth response. The study aimed to develop early detection method of polyploidy occurrence in in vitro Tectona grandis after treated by antimitotic agent colchicine. Nodal segments were immersed at 0, 15, and 30 μM colchicines for 5 days, then cultured for 8 weeks. Observations on plantlet height, number of leaves and morphology were performed at 2, 4, and 6 weeks after planting. Colchicine had high significant effect on the height and significant effect on leaves number. High concentration colchicine inhibited shoot elongation and leaves growth, however it increased morphological changes. The planlets height of 0, 15, and 30 μM of colchicine treatment was 4.14; 3.82; 3.12 cm; while the number of leaves as much as 8.72; 8.4, and 7.5. Colchicine led to increase in morphological changes at the levels 0, 15, 30 μM were 26,60%; 46.66%; and 93.33%. Changes caused by polyploidy differ from media. Changes in polyploidy decreased the height, number of leaves, and induced morphological changes, whereas planting media resulted in vitrification. Response to colchicines in culture of T. grandis plantlet allows the growth and morphology to be a marker for early detection of polyploidization. Key words: Colchicine, polyploidy detection, tectona grandis ABSTRAK Pendugaan tingkat ploidi dapat dilakukan dengan beberapa metode, antara lain: penanda morfologi, respon pertumbuhan, anatomi, sitologi, dan molekuler. Metode yang paling sederhana dan mudah dilakukan, terutama untuk deteksi dini yaitu dengan penanda morfologi dan respon pertumbuhan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengamati deteksi dini terjadinya poliploidisasi Tectona grandis akibat pemberian kolkisin pada kultur in vitro. Ruas nodus eksplan jati direndam dalam 3 konsentrasi kolsikin (0, 15, dan 30 μM) selama 5 hari, untuk selanjutnya dilakukan kultur in vitro selama 8 minggu. Pengamatan terhadap tinggi daun, jumlah daun dan morfologi daun dilakukan pada minggu ke-2, ke-4, dan ke-6 setelah tanam. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan pemberian kolsikin berpengaruh sangat nyata terhadap tinggi dan berpengaruh nyata terhadap jumlah daun. Pertumbuhan tinggi daun dan jumlah daun mengalami penurunan seiring dengan bertambahnya konsentrasi kolkisin. Tinggi planlet akibat perlakuan perendaman 0, 15, dan 30 μM kolkisin adalah 4,14; 3,82; dan 3,12 cm; sedangkan jumlah daun sebanyak 8,72; 8,4; dan 7,5. Peningkatan konsentrasi kolkisin menyebabkan peningkatan perubahan morfologi. Perubahan morfologi perlakuan kontrol, 15 dan 30 μM kolkisin sebesar 26,60%, 46,66%, dan 93,33%. Perubahan karena poliploidi berbeda dengan perubahan karena media. Perubahan akibat poliploidi menyebabkan perubahan pada tinggi planlet, jumlah daun, serta morfologi; sedangkan perubahan media tanam menyebabkan vitrifikasi. Adanya respon pemberian kolkisin pada kultur in vitro T. grandis memungkinkan pertumbuhan dan morfologi sebagai penanda untuk deteksi dini terjadinya poliploidi. Kata kunci: Deteksi poliploidi, kolkisin, Tectona grandis

GROWTH AND MORPHOLOGICAL CHANGES AS AN EARLY INDICATION OF IN VITRO PLOIDIZATION OF TEAK (Tectona grandis L.f)