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Aim: To characterize autochthonous grapevine cultivars from a national germplasm collection, to estimate the phenotypic diversity among and within the cultivars, and to identify the traits that contributed to cultivar heterogeneity.Methods and results: Seventy major ampelographic descriptors comprising shoot, leaf and fruit traits were investigated to determine the overall degree of polymorphism among 61 autochthonous Tunisian grapevine genotypes. Based on the correlation values obtained between the characters, all descriptors must be considered for the characterization/clustering of the grapes, of which 12 descriptors were identified as the most important. Based on principal component analysis (PCA) and hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA), all cultivars were discriminated and high morphological variation was observed among the accessions. ANOVA demonstrated that most of the morphological variation was found within (89.31 %) rather than between the groups (10.69 %). The Khalt Bouchemma Gabes, Blanc 3 and Blanc 2 genotypes were identified as the barycentres of the groups, representing all the morphological variation observed within autochthonous grapes in Tunisia. These genotypes exhibited all the required characteristics to be introduced into the market and commercialized as table grapes and stand out as the most promising for commercial cultivation.Conclusion: The detailed ampelographic description presented herein highlighted clear morphological differentiation between Tunisian autochthonous grapevines, investigated for the first time using 70 OIV descriptors, and allowed us for the first time to easily split the Tunisian autochthonous grapevine accessions into wine and table grapes. Numerical analyses showed that the number of morphological traits that are effectively contributing to the characterization of the cultivars could be reduced to 12.Significance and impact of the study: In this investigation, we highlight the importance of importance of breeding programs, commercialization and evaluation of economically valuable characteristics of the highly diverse autochthonous grapevine cultivars from Tunisia.

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Multivariate analysis and clustering reveal high morphological diversity in Tunisian autochthonous grapes (&lt;em&gt;Vitis vinifera&lt;/em&gt;): insights into characterization, conservation and commercialization