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En la actualidad existe una amplia variedad de sistemas y materiales que se emplean como atenuadores del ruido de impacto y evitan la transmision de vibraciones en los edificios. Muchos de estos sistemas empleados en construccion, se caracterizan por desolidarizar la capa de compresion del forjado de la estructura, cumpliendo con la condicion de ser materiales elasticos. Para la realizacion de los ensayos acusticos que permiten validar un determinado material o sistema constructivo como atenuador de este tipo de ruidos, es necesario realizar una prueba poco economica y de dificil ejecucion tal y como marca la actual norma UNE-EN ISO 140. En primer lugar se necesita elaborar un forjado de referencia, que ha de ensayarse independientemente. Despues, se ha de colocar la losa flotante y volver a realizar la prueba, siendo la diferencia entre las medidas realizadas la que determina la reduccion al ruido de impacto. En este trabajo se presenta un sistema capaz de detectar las vibraciones y mesurarlas mas sencillo y economico, consistente en un dispositivo de golpeo alternativo y un sensor capaz de recoger, una vez producido el impacto, la energia absorbida por la placa. Producido el impacto, la baldosa sufre una deformacion que absorbe parte de la energia, siendo la restante transmitida a traves del material y, a su vez, causante del ruido aereo inducido en la estancia colindante. La placa absorbe su energia a traves de su propia deformacion, la cual se mide con ayuda del sensor capacitivo. Es por ello que para realizar este estudio de la transmision de vibraciones y evaluar los distintos modos de transmision a traves de las estructuras, se elaboraron planchas de diferentes geometrias y dos materiales distintos, hormigon y mortero, asi como, tambien se vario la geometria de los aislantes y su tipologia, poliestireno expandido con y sin elastificar. Ademas, se tomaron medidas en una losa de grandes dimensiones, que puede servir como premisa para elaborar un nuevo sistema alternativo de medida del aislamiento acustico a ruido de impacto. ABSTRACT Currently there is a large variety of systems and materials used as impact noise attenuators and prevent the transmission of vibrations in buildings. Many of these systems used in construction are characterized by separate the compression layer of the floor of the structure, provided the condition of being elastic materials. For conducting acoustic tests which validate a particular material or construction system as attenuator such noises, it is necessary to perform an uneconomical and difficult to execute test, such evidence as marks the current UNE-EN ISO 140. First place needs to develop a forged reference to be tested independently. Then, should be placed floating slab and re-testing, the difference between the measurements that determines the impact noise reduction. This paper describes a simple and economic system capable to detect vibrations, consisting of a striking alternative device and a sensor capable of collecting, once produced the impact, the energy absorbed by the plate system is presented. After the impact, the tile undergoes deformation absorbing part of the energy transmitted through the remaining material being and, in turn, causes air noise induced in the adjacent stay. The plate absorbs energy through its own deformation, which is measured with the capacitive sensor. That is why to conduct this study of the transmission of vibrations and evaluate different modes of transmission through structures, plates of different geometries and two different materials (concrete and mortar) were developed, as well as geometry also varied insulators and typology, expanded polystyrene with and without elasticized. In addition, measures were taken on a large slab, which can serve as a premise to develop a new alternative system for measuring sound insulation impact.

Estudio de la transmisión de vibraciones por impacto en losas de hormigón y mortero