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Resumen En Espana, donde existen mas de 18 millones de hogares segun el ultimo censo del Instituto Nacional de Estadistica en 2011, alrededor del 8% de la poblacion reside en viviendas de alquiler social. Del parque de viviendas espanol, mas de la mitad de los edificios se construyeron antes de 1980 y alrededor del 35% entre 1981 y 2006, ano en que fue implantado el Codigo Tecnico de la Edificacion. Asimismo, mas del 80% de los certificados energeticos de edificios existentes registrados hasta julio de 2015, obtiene una calificacion E o inferior en terminos de emisiones de CO2. Para mejorar estos resultados, la Union Europea tiene como objetivo alcanzar una tasa de rehabilitacion de edificios privados del 2,5% anual, mejorando la eficiencia energetica y ampliando la vida util del parque edificatorio. Sin embargo, los CEEE unicamente representan parte de la etapa de uso, dejando atras otras, como la de produccion, cuyo impacto puede representar un cuarto de las emisiones de CO2 del edificio a lo largo de su ciclo de vida. Para desarrollar una rehabilitacion optima, se propone evaluar la sostenibilidad de los proyectos de rehabilitacion incluyendo las etapas de produccion, construccion, uso y fin de vida y considerando el impacto medioambiental y economico, asi como aspectos sociales relativos a las caracteristicas de la vivienda social. Este articulo analiza los impactos medioambientales de diferentes soluciones de rehabilitacion en vivienda social, tomando como caso de estudio un edificio de vivienda social en Zaragoza. El edificio antes de la rehabilitacion supone casi 50 kgCO2-eq/m2ano, donde el 60% corresponden al consumo electrico durante la fase de uso del edificio. En el estudio tambien se incluye la variable de confort termico en situaciones de vulnerabilidad energetica. Abstract In Spain, where there are more than 18 million households according to the last census of the National Institute of Statistics in 2011, around 8% of the population lives in social rental housing. Of the Spanish housing stock, more than half of the buildings were built before 1980 and around 35% between 1981 and 2006, the year in which the Technical Building Code was implemented. Likewise, more than 80% of the energy certificates of existing buildings registered until July 2015, obtain an E rating or lower in terms of CO2 emissions. To improve these results, the European Union aims to achieve a private buildings rehabilitation rate of 2.5% per year, improving energy efficiency and extending the useful life of the building park. However, CEEEs only represent part of the use stage, leaving behind others, such as production, whose impact can represent a quarter of the building's CO2 emissions throughout its life cycle. To develop an optimal rehabilitation, it is proposed to evaluate the sustainability of the rehabilitation projects including the stages of production, construction, use and end of life and considering the environmental and economic impact, as well as social aspects related to the characteristics of social housing. This article analyzes the environmental impacts of different rehabilitation solutions in social housing, taking as a case study a social housing building in Zaragoza. The building before the rehabilitation supposes almost 50 kgCO2-eq / m2ano, where 60% correspond to the electrical consumption during the phase of use of the building. The study also includes the thermal comfort variable in situations of energy vulnerability.

anales de edificación

Evaluación de la sostenibilidad en la rehabilitación energética de vivienda social en países mediterráneos = Evaluation of sustainability in the energy rehabilitation of social housing in Mediterranean countries