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This paper is concerned with the problem of ground vibrations induced by railway traffic and its modelling through a decoupled approach, using only the finite element modelling for evaluating the ground waves propagation. The vehicle/track dynamics is calculated separately. An important modelling aspect is undoubtedly the track/soil interaction, which can play an important role in the generation of seismic waves. To avoid excessive computational resources, a coupled lumped mass model (CLM model) of the soil has been recently developed and is considered in this study. The influence of ballast and soil stiffnesses is presented, in order to confirm the range of validity of the CLM model. Combined with a discrete two layer model of the track, it offers the possibility of working with a simple compound track/soil model. A comprehensive analysis is provided to show the benefit of the finite element model with the proper radiation conditions at infinity, for analysing the structural response of a building located in the vicinity of the track. Focusing on typical results based on the tram of Brussels, the effects of track/soil and soil/structure coupling are investigated. Modal analyses of the vehicle and the building are presented in order to understand the effects of seismic wave amplification, especially when the source contains frequencies close to the natural frequencies of the building.

Prediction of Ground Vibrations Induced by Urban Railway Traffic: An Analysis of the Coupling Assumptions Between Vehicle, Track, Soil, and Buildings