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The harvesting of timber with a view to the sustainable use of timber resources is called yield regulation. One problem with using this simple indicator is the lack of information it provides for forest management. The first half of this paper will trace how indicators have shifted with time. As a result of looking back on the past, it was confirmed that a simple index was effective for preventing overcutting. The second half of this paper will outline the revolutionary changes introduced by LiDAR. The main findings were as follows. Firstly, because LiDAR has made it possible to measure tree heights, the fundamental data used in forest management will switch from diameter of breast height to tree height in the near future. Secondly, because population data of both trees and ground surface can be obtained through the analysis of LiDAR data, the base unit of forest management will switch from forest stand in nature to forest land artificially separated by squares like a grid. And lastly, because we can obtain both DSM and DTM from LiDAR data, we now have access to precise population data about standing trees and ground surface. This opens up new opportunities to help forest managers in their work. LiDAR has not only brought about a great technical innovation in the field of forest management, but it has also ushered in a major revolution in the philosophy of forest management. Keyword: forest management, indicator, LiDAR, yield regulation CHARACTERISTICS OF FOREST MANAGEMENT PHILOSOPHY The forest is a complex living organism, and is composed of a network of various lifeforms. Furthermore, those living things are constantly changing through interaction with other living things and with the environment around them. Consequently, the overall picture of the activities of the forest has still not been elucidated. It is absolutely impossible for human beings to fully grasp the overall picture of the forest, because the forest is nature itself. We receive many blessings from the forest. Forests give us water, timber, mushrooms, edible wild plants, scenic spots and much more. It would be impossible to list all the benefits we obtain from our forests. Forests fulfil a variety of functions, including the prevention of global warming, the conservation of biodiversity, the protection of land and soil, the prevention of landslides, and the formation of a pleasant environment. Furthermore, forests are used for activities related to health and recreation. Lastly, forests have a close connection with culture and religion. Our predecessors, in order to ensure that they could always enjoy the many benefits of forests, made specific rules for the wise management of forest resources, based on knowledge accumulated over time. The various rules governing the sustainable use of timber resources are collectively called yield regulation. There are many yield regulation rules (Tanaka, 1996), and they have evolved over time. It is impossible to regulate all aspects of a forest, because it is a complex living organism; it is nature itself. A forest is not a factory for timber production. Our input can be made through forestry activities such as planting, tending and felling. Therefore, in forest management, our predecessors had no choice but to use simple indicators to sketch a rough picture of the state of the forest. In other words, because the activities of this complicated living organism could not be perfectly controlled, our predecessors introduced simple indicators for use in forest management. And they decided to increase or decrease the amount of harvest from the forest while confirmCorresponding author: Kazuhiro Tanaka *1 Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Kyoto Prefectural University, Kyoto 606-8522, Japan E-mail: tanakazu@kpu.ac.jp J. For. Plann. 22: 39–46 (2018)

LiDAR Introduces Revolutionary Changes in Its Approach to Forest Management