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Wliile deforestation n the tropics has been well mapped, there is Iittle infbrmation on the extent and changes of forest degradation. IIhis $tudy aimed te investigate teunporal and $patial patterns of both deforestation and forest degradation i three re$erved forests of the central Bago mountain ranges, Myanmar, which have a long history of selective logging activities. We used Forest Canopy Density (FCD) Mapper and Landsat images C1989, 1999, 2003, and 2006) for the investigation, Over 17 years, more than 90% of the total area was kept as forests, deimed as FCD ) 10%, but closed canopy forests (FZ D z 70%) greatly decreased from 98% to 53% of the total area. Medium canopy forests (40% s FCI) < 70%) and open canepy forests (10% f FCD < 40%) increased. Gross forest degradation (ehange to ]ower FCD) was much larger than gross forest irnprovement (change to higher FCD) for all sites and periods, whereas differences in gross deforestation Cforest to non-forest) and gross reforestation (non-forest to forest) were relatively smal1. As a result, a high annual net forest degradatlon rate of 2.5% was observed, although the annual net deforestation rate was relatively lew at O.2% betw'een 1989 and 2006. 0ur findings on higher forest degradation throw the question about the sustainahility of current harvesting levels of selective logging andlor extraction of non-wood forest preducts and shiding cultivation by lecal communities if no conservation or remedial measures are taken. This study revealed the importance of monitoring deforestation and forest degradation as well as the usefulness of the FCD Mapper. Kdwo"ds:FCD Mappeg Iandsat images,deforestation, forest degradation, reforestation, forest improvement

Monitoring Deforestation and Forest Degradation in the Bago Mountain Area, Myanmar using FCD Mapper