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William Henry Perkin in 1856, accidently discovered the world’s first commercially successful synthetic dye and named it as ‘Mauveine’. Since then, more than 1, 00,000 new synthetic dyes have been generated (Hemapriya and Vijayanand, 2014). Synthetic dyes are colored substances that color fibers permanently, without losing its color even when exposed to sweat, sunlight, water and many chemical substances including oxidizing agents and also to microbial attack (Rai et al., 2005; Saratale et al., 2011). These dyes were used in different industries, with an annual consumption of about 0.7 million tons Environmental pollution has been renowned as one of the foremost problems of the modern world. Ever-increasing industrialization and urbanization result in the discharge of hazardous waste to the environment, which in turn creates more pollution. Environmental biotechnology is persistently intensifying its efforts in the biological treatment of colored textile effluents, which is an environmental friendly and low cost alternative to physicochemical processes. In the present study, effluent samples were collected from various textile and dyeing industries located in and around Vellore District, Tamilnadu, India and were exploited for the screening and isolation of bacterial strains that were capable of decolorizing Congo red. Optimization of cultural conditions was carried out to maximize decolorization efficiency of the bacterial isolate TVU-CR4 towards Congo red. Decolorization efficiency was found to be optimized at 35°C, neutral pH, after 24 h of incubation. Static conditions proved to be effective in maximizing decolorization. Increase in dye concentration decreased decolorization efficiency of TVU-CR4. Among the various carbon and nitrogen sources investigated; glucose and yeast extract instigated maximum decolorization. Detoxification was confirmed by phytotoxicity assay using Macrotyloma uniflorum. K e y w o r d s

Biodegradation and Detoxification of Congo Red by Intuitive Bacterial Strain TVU-CR4