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Earthworm is a vital soil biota and a very crucial indicator species in ecotoxicological and ecological risk assessment of soil pollution being caused by agrochemicals and other toxics substances (Zhang et al., 2014; Wang et al., 2015; Huang et al., 2018). Earthworms influence the soil microbial communities directly and indirectly, mainly through feeding, burrowing and shedding casts. Latter have many beneficial microorganisms and buffering capacity which ultimately help in plant growth (Ali et al., 2006; Kumar et al., 2020). Earthworms increases bacterial population in soil and help in nitrification by improving soil aeration. Nitrogenase activities in earthworm’s cast have been found higher than the surrounding soil, contributing to higher nitrogen fixation in worm castings and ultimately help in plant growth (Ranch, 2006; Kumar et al., 2020; Blume-Werry et al., 2020).

Comparative Assessment of Bacterial Population of Gut and Cast of Pheretima posthuma Exposed to Imidacloprid and Pendimethalin