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Syphilis is a systemic disease caused by a thin, tightly coiled spirochete, Treponema pallidum (TP) subspecies Pallidum.[1] Syphilis is credited to have infected 12 million additional people in 1999, with >90% of cases in the developing world.[2] It influences between 700,000 and 1.6 million pregnancies a year, resulting in spontaneous abortions, stillbirths, and congenital syphilis. Transmission of TP can occur through sexual contact, kissing/close connection with active lesions, transfusions, or unintentional injection. The disease is most infectious during primary and secondary syphilis when patients have chancres, mucous patches, condyloma latum, and other lesions which are highly contagious. Primary/Type I/Stage I syphilis is typically acquired by direct sexual contact with the infectious lesions of another person.[3] When primary syphilis is not detected at an earlier stage and treated, the disease gradually progresses to the secondary stage/ Stage II/Type II. Approximately 3–90 days after the initial exposure (average 21 days), a skin lesion, called a chancre, show up at the point of contact.[4] The chancre is classically (40% of the time) a single, firm, painless, and nonitchy skin ulceration with a clear base and sharp boundary between 0.3 and 3.0 cm in size.[4] The lesion, however, may *Corresponding author: Email: sedim65k@yahoo.com

Immune Transformations in Primary and Secondary Syphilis Patients before and after Treatment and its Clinical Significance