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In recent times the outcome of chronic total occlusion (CTO) percutaneous coronary interventions (PCI) in dedicated centers has steadily gained high success rate (> 80%) and low rate of coronary complications. Nevertheless comparing with non-CTO PCI the complications rate is higher, due to the higher lesion and technical complexity. Among the complications Type III coronary perforations remain the most troublesome events of CTO PCI and still carry a significant risk of death for the patients. The management of Type III coronary perforations has been extensively described as a flow chart of interventions and techniques to obtain rapid cessation of the blood extravasation and sealing of the ruptured vessel. Several techniques have been described to obtain bleeding cessation also in small vessel (< 2 mm) perforations.In this paper we will describe two cases of CTO PCI with Type III small vessel coronary perforations treated with percutaneous Cyanoacrylate/(NBCA-MS)-based glue infusion through a conventional CTO microcatheter. This technique is fast and straightforward and can be applied to any conventional CTO microcatheter.

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Type III coronary perforation during chronic total occlusion percutaneous coronary interventions treated with Cyanoacrylate glue embolization: case report and review of the technique