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Peritoneal metastasis is the most common pattern of recurrence and the most frequent cause of death after surgery in patients with gastric cancer. Peritoneal free cancer cells disseminated from the primary lesion site have been considered the main cause of peritoneal metastasis. Peritoneal lavage cytological examination (PLC) has been shown to be an independent predictor of gastric cancer relapse after curative resection and poor overall survival. However, the conventional cytological examinations have high rates of false-positive and false-negative findings. To improve the sensitivity, molecular-based methods using reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction have been developed for detecting cancer cells in peritoneal wash fluids of patients with gastric cancer. We performed a PubMed search for articles describing PLC in gastric cancer. Relevant articles were reviewed and data on available outcomes elaborated. The clinical roles and attributes of PLC in gastric cancer were reviewed, and its future application to this disease is discussed.

Significance of peritoneal lavage cytology based on genetic signatures in gastric cancer