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Background:    Hyperplasia, a condition whereby an excessive number of cells are produced due to their uncontrolled division, represents a common symptom of carcinogenesis. Cancer is a physical manifestation of cell malignancy resulting from abnormal proliferation. Globally, oral cancer currently constitutes the sixth largest lethal form of the condition. The most common etiology of oral cancer is tobacco of which cigarettes are the most popular related product  . The health risks associated with   cigarette smoke not only affect active smokers but also individuals who ingest it passively  . Sidestream smoke comes from the lighted end of  a burning tobacco product such as a cigarette, pi  p  e or cigar   and   contains nicotine and many harmful cancer-causing chemicals. Inhaling sidestream smoke increases the risk of lung and other types of cancer.    Purpose:    The purpose of this study was to   understand how   sidestream   cigarette smoke initiates precancerous changes, in this case hyperplasia, in the oral mucosa epithelium of   Wistar   rats  .  Method    s    :    The   subjec  ts were   divided into three groups, a 4  -  weektreatment group (P1  )  , an 8-week treatment group (P2  )  , and a control group   (K)  , each   consisting of   tensubject  s.   Thesubjec  ts   were exposed to a daily two-cigarette dose of smoke. The experiment used   a   post-test only control group design. All samples were   sacrificedduring the fourth and eighth week  s  . Haematoxylin-eosin   staining was performed on   the   tongue  s of theWistar rats   to   establish   the presence of   hyperplasia.Data w  as   analyzed   using aone-way ANOVA test  .Results:    After the Wistar rats   had been exposed to cigarette smoke, an increase  ddegree of epithelial cell proliferation (hyperplasia) showed   a   significant difference with a p-value u003c0.05 during the eighth week.  Conclusion:  Exposure to cigarette   sidestream   smoke induces increased epithelial cell proliferation (hyperplasia) in Wistar rat  s  .

Hyperplasia of Wistar rat tongue mucosa due to exposure to cigarette side-stream smoke