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INTRODUCTIONThe evidence on beneficial role of low-risk characteristics is well established. However, data on trends in lifestyle patterns in Central Europe are limited.OBJECTIVESThe aim of this report was to determine changes in lifestyle patterns among adults in Poland in the years 2003-2014.PATIENTS AND METHODSThe study sample comprised 12857 adults aged 20-74 years (5986 men and 6871 women) participating in two nationwide representative surveys WOBASZ (2003-2005) and WOBASZ II (2013-2014). Low-risk characteristics consisted of: non-smoking, non-obese waist circumference, satisfactory physical activity, good quality diet and low saturated fat intake. The five characteristics created a lifestyle index which could range from 0 to 5. Poor lifestyle was defined as the lifestyle index range 0-1.RESULTSAbout 2% of the participants followed a healthy lifestyle while 25% a poor lifestyle in both surveys. The proportion of non-smokers significantly increased (from 57.8 to 66.9 for men and from 72.6 to 77.1 for women). There was a decrease in the prevalence of non-obese waist circumference (from 75.4 to 71.3 among men and from 61.2 to 57.9 among women), adequate physical activity (from 37.5 to 27.5 among men and from 31.5 to 29.0 among women) and low saturated fat consumption (from 23.4 to 20.2 among men and from 26.1 to 23.7 among women). Lower educational attainment was the strongest sociodemographic factor contributing to poor lifestyle (p <0.001).CONCLUSIONSThe ultimate goal for healthcare system should be implementing more effective interventions focused on promoting healthy lifestyle as a whole.

Ten-year changes in adherence to a healthy lifestyle: the results of the WOBASZ Surveys