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Background: Capacity to diagnose Human African Trypanosomiasis (HAT) by health centres in endemic areas has remained an important challenge in public health. There is poor diagnostic capacity of zoonoses in Subsaharan Africa including Zambia. Laboratories in rural areas lack the capacity to manage most emerging and re-emerging diseases. Therefore, this study was carried out to investigate and compare capacities relative to the management of HAT at rural health centres (RHCs) in tsetse infested Chama and Mambwe districts of Eastern Zambia. Materials and Methods: Structured questionnaires were used to collect information from 110 health personnel drawn from 23 RHCs in a cross sectional comparative study undertaken between April and July 2013. Stata/SE version 11.0 was used to analyze collected data Results: The study reviewed missed opportunities to detect HAT compared to malaria cases between Chama and Mambwe districts (P=0.027). Staff from both districts had preference to detect fever related conditions rather than HAT as reviewed in the direction of most Government and private support (P=0.007). Staff from Chama district were less likely to miss HAT cases compared to their Mambwe counterparts (P<0.001) due to previous reported cases. Conclusion: RHCs lack the capacity to manage HAT as compared to other priority conditions which direct critical review of HAT management and health priorities

Capacity and Policy Change in Managing Human African Trypanosomiasis in Endemic Rural Districts of Eastern Zambia