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Water quality is critical to overall animal physiology [1] . And, to a large extent, it depends on the water source, prevailing environmental factors and human activities [2,3] . Water pollution resulting from environmental factors as well as human and industrial activities could be worsened with poor urban sewage system and consequent seepage of wastes to streams [4] along with heavy metals can enter streams. Heavy metals are not biodegradable hence could bioaccumulate to exert varied toxic influences in animals, aside compromising the water quality or potability [5-10] . Thus, the seepage of heavy metals into streams is a significant environmental problem hence worrisome [11,12] . Either banks of waterside River Ogbor hill Aba traverse the rear of many factories, including breweries, soaps and detergents factories. This coupled with activities peculiar to abattoirs (hide and skin burning), auto mechanic workshops, human wastes, and general refuse disposal by the teaming inhabitants in the densely populated waterside area could predispose WRO to contamination and pollution. Earlier reports indicated acidic property of the WRO samples and attendant adverse influences on indicators of hematological and kidney functions [13,14] . Abstract: Three-point samples from waterside River Ogbor hill Aba (WRO) were assessed for heavy metals content and effect on rats’ hepatic histo-morphology and seric bio-indicators using standard protocols. Heavy metals were least in upstream compared to downstream and midstream samples. Upstream exposure lowered (p<0.05) while midstream and downstream exposure increased (p<0.05) serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) activity as compared to control rats. The higher (p<0.05) serum aspartate aminotransferease (AST) activity of the samples compared to control was statistically different (p<0.05) among the groups. Serum alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity in the three-point samples-treated rats was statistically higher (p<0.05) compared to control but comparatively lower (p<0.05) in the upstream-exposed rats. Higher (p<0.05) computed AST:ALT (lower ALT:AST) and lower (p<0.05) ALT:ALP (higher ALP:ALT) ratios in the upstream-exposed rats compared to the other groups, but statistically higher (p<0.05) ALP:AST (lower ALP:AST) ratios in the samples-exposed rats compared to control excluded liver damage from upstream-induced effects while implicating other high metabolic organs damage with the three-point samples-induced effects. Moderately deranged hepatic histomorphology of upstream-exposed rats but widespread hydropic degeneration or completely congested portal vein of either midstream or downstreamexposed rats’ histo-morphology suggested milder upstream-induced hepatic histo-morphologic derangement while confirming the seric results. The study demonstrated high heavy metals and attendant nom-potability in, notably midstream and downstream, samples from WRO that seemingly reflected the adversity on the hepatic histomorphology and seric bio-indicators of the rats, warranting urgent intervention and further studies that could ensure the obliteration of the heavy metal content of waterside river Ogbor hill, Aba.

international journal of research in environmental science

Quality Assessment of Waterside River, Ogbor Hill Aba 4: Effect of Three-Point Samples on Hepatic Histo-Morphology and Some Seric Bio-Functional Indicators of Wistar Rats