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Five unregistered herbal medicinal concussions commonly used in Kano Metropolis, Kano State, Nigeria, comprising of remedy for pile (MB), yellow fever (MS), typhoid (MT), stomach pain (MC) and sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) were evaluated for their phytochemicals and antimicrobial activity using standard methods. Three different solvents (pet-ether, chloroform and ethanol) were used for the extraction. The results of the phytochemical screening showed the presence of Saponin, Tannin, Terpenoids, Flavonoid, Reducing sugar, Alkaloids and Anthraquinone in most of the extracted samples. Amino acid was absent in all the samples. The antimicrobial activity of these medications was studied against four bacterial clinical isolates (S. aureus, E. coli, Shigella, and Salmonella) bacteria using Agar Well diffusion technique. The most effective antibacterial activity was shown by Ethanolic extracts of sample MS (20mm zone of inhibition) and sample MT (19mm zone of inhibition) against Salmonella typhi, compared to the standard antibiotic Ciprofloxacin (32mm zone of inhibition). Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of the extracts showed chloroform extract of sample MTS to have the lowest inhibitory concentration of 125g/ml on Staphylococcus aureus. The Minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) of all the extracts exceeded 1000g/ml. From the results of the phytochemical and antimicrobial screening, it showed that the Medicinal plants/products could be used as potential source of antibacterial agents.

Phytochemical and Antimicrobial Screening of Some Commonly Consumed Herbal Medicines in Kano State, Nigeria.