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Birds are found throughout the world, they are found in every altitudes and habitats such as; grassy fields, marshy places, trees, open oceans and savannah. Functional traits relay the impact on the species to contribute to their ecosystem and hence these traits are referred functional traits. The traits diet is the most functional trait i.e., nectarivores in pollination, furgivorus in contributing to seed dispersal and insectivores to pest control (Greenberg et al., 2000; VanBael et al., 2003, 2007; Sekercioglu, 2006). Agricultural products are the chief source for their food which comprises vegetation of the crop plants, fruits, grains, insect, arthropods, rodents (Connor and Shrubb, 1986). And in-sufficient amount of food and water impart negative role on the quality and quantity of the birds (Western and Grimsdell, 1979). The study of ornithology has important role because in bird species having high metabolic rate for that purpose they having high need for their food, also role in cross pollination of certain trees (Elon and Fred, 1924). They eat rodent and poisonous insects, which are most harmful for the crops because birds may serve their life on the high mountains and they Abstract: During an investigation on the on the helminth parasite, a species of cestode belongs to the genus; Confluaria Ablasov Spasskaja, 1966 was recovered from the large intestine of the host bird Jungle babbler; Turdoides striata from District: Naushahro Feroze, Sindh, Pakistan during 2015-16. For this purpose (n=36) host birds were disected of which (n=96) specimens were collected and few number of parasites were found in anterior as well as median part but most of the parasites were found in the terminal part of the large intestine, near the clocal opening. The specimens were observed unrelated from the congress of other cestode species but in external appearance having closely resemblance with Confluaria capillaris, (Rudolphi, 1810) which consist larger body size and segments, maximum width is found in gravid segments. When worms were alive they were whitish, delicate and opaque in body appearance and the muscular scolex wider than long and only single rows of the hooks in their rostellum and larger neck followed by 230 segments. Immature segments were maximum in numbers than the mature segments and all were wider than long. A larger rostellum along with rostellular sac and vitelline gland was seen in compact form. Also muscular suckers, cirrus sac proturated shape and dome shaped ovary, eggs were spindle shaped and tests oval in shape. The high perseverance was observed in hot summer season during the month of June and August, compared winter season with the major distinction (P<0.05) in the whole number of the host birds. It is concluded that, many species of passeriformes hold wide range of helminth burden in their internal visceral organs it is firm call to carry out the systematic based study on the variety of helminth that lodges the high infection to these host species.

international journal of research studies in zoology

Pervasiveness and Different Characteristics of Cestode, Confluaria capillaris (Rudolphi, 1810) from Jungle babbler, Turdoides striata at Sindh, Pakistan