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Bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is one of the various cereal crops largely grown in the highlands of Ethiopia. It is produced largely in the southeast, central and northwest parts of the country. Small amount is produced in the rest of the south and north regions. In the 1960s, the wheat area was estimated at about 364 000 ha, producing 255000 tons(Hailu G., et al.,1991). Currently at the national level about 1,664,564.62 ha of land is covered by bread & durum wheat and over 4,219,257.23 tones yield is produced from this land annually. It is obvious that bread wheat is one of the main commodity crops known worldwide with respect to its production and economic value which requires good production and management practices. It is used in a variety of products, but its use as flour for bread Abstract: A field study was conducted at Kulumsa Agricultural Research Center from June to November 2018 croping season, with the objectives of to determine the optimum plant population rate by identifying the most cost-effective bread wheat variety. Three bread wheat varieties (Shorima, Dendea and Hidassie representing different seed sizes of small, medium, large respectively and four plant populations of 250, 300, 350 and 400 seeds m were tested. The main effect of varieties on days to 50% of heading, days to 90% of maturity, thousand kernel weight and hecto liter weight showed significant (p<0.01) varitions, while number of tillers and spike length indicated statisticaly significant (p<0.05) variations. The use of 300 seeds m plant populations for the variety Hidassie resulted in highest seedling number (25.33), of tillers (7.67), days to 50% of heading (61), days to 50% of maturity, (115), spike length, (7 cm), thousand kernel weight (47.28 gm), hecto liter weight (77.67 kg/hL). The interaction effects of variety & plant population on harvest index, indicated significanct (p<0.001) variation, while grain yield showed statisticaly significant (p<0.01) variation, likewise biomass yield and straw yield indicated significant (p<0.05) variations. The harvest index, resulted in (43.63%), while grain yield is (4070 kg ha), similarly biomass yield and straw yield are (10994 kg ha) and (5275 kg ha) respectively, and it suggests that these traits are generally inhenced by the genetic makeups of the variety Hidassie. Economic analysis using partial budget procedure was performed on grain yields to determine the treatment with most profitable returns. The beneficial marginal rate of return (795%) and benefit cost ratio (7.57) was obtained from the variety Hidassie at a plant populations of 300 seeds m follwed by a marginal rate of return (899%) and benefit cost ratio (7.55) were also recorded again from the variety Hidassie at plant populations of 250 seeds m. So the most cost-effective variety and plant population level for farmers with low cost of production and higher benefits were identified to be the variety Hidassie at the plant population level of 300 seeds m in the rain fed cropping season is identified as low cost of production with highest benefit and can be recommended as 1 option for the producers of wheat crop. The plant populatios of 250 seeds m for variety Hidassie was also cost-effective with highest net-benefit and can be recommended as 2 option. However, since this study was only at one location for a single croppingseason, it is advisable to repeat the experiment across locations, soil type, and over-seasons to mak agronomically consistent recommendations and economically feasible levels of plant populations for bread wheat.

international journal of research studies in agricultural sciences

Effect of Plant Population on Growth, Yields &amp; Quality of Bread Wheat (Triticum Aestivum L.) Varieties at Kulumsa in Arsi Zone, South-Eastern Ethiopia