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Triticale (Triticosecale, Wittmack), the first successful human made hybrid cereal grain, was deliberately produced by crossing wheat (Triticum) as female and rye (Secale) as a pollen source. Wheat yields and grain quality are better than rye. But rye has greater disease resistance and better tolerance to environmental stress. Triticale combines yield potential and grain quality of wheat with the disease and environmental tolerance including adaptability to difficult soils, drought tolerance, cold hardiness, disease resistance and low-input requirements of rye (FAO, 2004). Triticale is less susceptible to the common fungal diseases of cereals which make it suitable for use in rotations where stubble is retained (Jessup and Wright, 1991). Triticale can be grown in a wide range of agroecologies, up to 3000 m. It requires an average of 500-600 mm rainfall, well distributed during the growing season. However, it can also perform well with as little as 350 mm of seasonal rainfall (Gobeze et al., 2007). It is adapted to a wide range of soils conditions including low fertility sands, shallow soils, acidic and sodic, very high and low PH. Triticale has more vigorous root system than wheat, barley or oats binding light soils and extracting more nutrients from the soil and its vigorous root system makes growing this plant attractive in low fertile soils, light soils and where a crop is being to better compete with weeds (Gobeze et al., 2007). Drought and frost tolerance are the primary advantages that triticale has over the other cereal crops and thus it reduces weather risk. Additionally, its yield advantage over wheat, barley, and other small grains is also great and it resists lodging better than wheat and barley (Gobeze et al., 2007). Triticale has demonstrated high yield potential even under marginal growing conditions and could a very attractive alternative for raising cereal production globally (FAO, 2004).

Review on History and Achievements of Triticale Breeding Status in Ethiopia