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Ethiopian mustard (Brassica carinata) is an important oil crop of Ethiopian origin and it has been grown in Ethiopia since antiquity both as an oilseed and vegetable crop. The crop is best grown in the mid to high altitude (2000 to 2600m) areas on more fertile, well-drained soil often close to homestead. The major Ethiopian mustard growing areas are located in Arsi, Bale, Gonder, Gojam, Wello, ShewaSidamo and Wellega and about 550,000-750,000 quintals in areas ranges 30,000 to 45,000 ha produced in Ethiopia for the last five years (CSA 2011/12 2015/16). Traditionally, Ethiopian mustard also called „Gomenzer‟ in Amharic are used to grease a bread baking clay pan used for baking traditional Ethiopian food “enjera”, to cure certain ailments or stomach upsets and to prepare some beverages. The leaves of Ethiopian musard plants are good sources of vegetable which has less bitterness, rich in vitamin C and K, beta carotene, as well as cancer-fightinganti-oxidants [1]. Besides, the crop is used in the farming systems, especially in large scale farms as a break crop for cultivation of cereals with comparable ecological amplitude [2]. Despite its anti-nutritional chemical constituents (i.e. high erucic in its oils and glucosinolate level in the meal) hampers for the utilization Abstract: Development of yellow seeded variety with high seed yield and oil content is one of the breeding objectives of Ethiopian mustard (Brassica carinata). In order to realize this objective, the breeding work had been stated from enhancement of the available gene pools through hybridization and recurrent selection. In line of this, target crossing was made among the adapted varieties and some introduced oilseed brassica sp. Selection was made at F2 subsequent generation till F5 along with single plant selection from the adapted and local landraces. During the second cycle of selection, the breeding lines were classified in terms of seed color (i.e. yellow, brown and mixed). Evaluation of selected lines for agro-morphological traits and selection for yellow seed colour were conducted simultaneously since the second cycle of recurrent selection. After the third cycle of selection, where 64 brassica genotypes identified, the extent of genetic variability, heritability and genetic advance were analyzed for agro-morphological traits of the selected genotypes. Multi-location trials was also conducted for the selected yellow seeded genotypes for two years (2015/16 and 2016/17). A considerable level of variability was noticed for all traits studied. High phenotypic and genotypic variances was recorded for yield/plot, number of pods/plant and plant height The efficiency of recurrent selection was proven by the result of high heritability in broad sense for traits such as TSW, number of primary and secondary branch as well as yield per plot. Six yellow seeded and productive genotypes from the recurrent selections lines sourced from cross S-67 X Holetta-1 was found and promoted to national variety trials. According to combined analysis of the multi-location trial, two genotypes, S-67XHoletta-1/7/2/14/2/28/2 and S-67x Holetta-1/9/2/18/2/45/3 were significantly outsmart the existing yellow seeded variety (yellow doddola) with yield advantage of 28% and 22%, respectively. These advanced genotypes scored 47 % oil content which exceeds yellow doddola by 6 to 7%. The two yellow seeded Ethiopian mustard genotypes were released and registered as improved varieties which could be used to address the existing export demand of Ethiopian mustard for oleo-chemical industries and beyond.

international journal of research studies in agricultural sciences

Breeding for Yellow Seeded Ethiopian Mustard (Brassica Carinata) With High Seed Yield and Oil Content at Holetta Agricultural Research Center, Ethiopia