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During the harsh and long dry season, important components of forages such as protein, energy and vitamins are, often, not available to the grazing livestock, which in turn reduces the intake of different minerals in the animals (McDowell, 2003). During those harsh and long dry season periods, diets of ruminant animals which are based on fibrous feeds, mainly matured pastures and crop residues for example, cowpea husk, groundnut hums, rice straw, maize and sorghum stovers are highly lignified and imbalanced as they are deficient in protein, minerals and vitamins, with low intake and digestibility. The principles of improving the use of these poor quality roughages by ruminants is through supplementation to satisfy the requirements of the rumen microorganisms to ensure efficient fermentation of fibre and increased production of microbial protein relative to volatile fatty acids (Preston, & Leng, 1984).All livestock need minerals especially sodium chloride, potassium, calcium etc. as shown in table 1 to survive since they form part of the blood, sweat and tears. The objective of the paper was to review the use of supplementary conventional mineral licks in improving the productivity of ruminant animals in tropical Africa.

Supplementary Conventional Mineral Licks and the Productivity of Ruminant Animals in Tropical Africa: A Review