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Studies have shown that when men and women attempt to communicate equally in friendly cross-sex conversations they do not play the same role in interaction (Maltz & Borker, 1998). One of the pervasive stereotypes of women as language users is that they are unflagging talkers. Many lexical items testify to this belief, which negatively evaluate women as talkers: they are gossips, chatterers, prattlers, gas-bags, chatterboxes who talk too much (Poynton, 1989). However, those lexical items intended to describe males are dominant, interruptive, loud, concise and blunt (Bradac, 1990). A number of recent studies show that this common stereotype of females as talkers is a gross caricature and that in conversational interaction between males and females, men usually have the upper hand. Topics are determined by, or in deference to, men—by men interrupting, or talking over women in order to get the floor if women do not automatically give up the right (Poynton, 1989). Such behaviour can clearly be oseen as dominance display on the part of men, and is by no means always submitted to without protest by women. Behind such displays would seem to lie evaluations of both female and male topic choices and of the point or purpose of different kinds of interaction, that is their nature as genres, that are widely shared by males and females.

Conversational Dominance and the Asymmetric Distribution of Roles in Cross-Sex Conversations