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Indigenous relationships with the environment are embedded in narratives and cultural practices. In New Zealand, Maori have maintained their relationship to the environment through a practical philosophy of environmental guardianship known as kaitiakitanga. Place and practice are inextricably linked in traditional Maori narratives; a connection constructed through Maori creation stories and the concept of whakapapa. However, the speed and scale of urbanisation of Maori communities has changed societal structures and narratives, as well as connections with nature. Urban spaces present new challenges in maintaining processes of connections with the natural world in a kaitiakitanga framework. We explore key components of kaitiakitanga such as place, whakapapa, intergenerational knowledge, resource engagement and spirituality. We discuss why kaitiakitanga should be included as a key value within urban spaces and how kaitiakitanga principles encourage the well-being of people and taiao. The contribution of kaitiakitanga to the urban matrix must also explore the relationships of both mana whenua and mātāwaka. Including indigenous perspectives from both groups when considering urban ecology is a key gap in understanding the impacts of urbanisation on Maori. More importantly, the inclusion of indigenous values such as kaitiakitanga into the urban agenda provides an opportunity to improve environmental outcomes.

Kaitiakitanga, place and the urban restoration agenda