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1. Introduction The extant Megachasma pelagios Taylor, Compagno u0026 Struhsaker, 1983 is a large (up to ca. 5.5 m), meso- to epipelagic, planktonivorous, filter-feeder shark with a nearly worldwide distribution in temperate and tropical waters (Compagno, 2001; Compagno et al., 2005). It was only discovered in 1976 near Hawaii and considered as one of the most spectacular zoological discoveries in the twentieth century (e.g. Berra, 1997). By its unusual appearance and oversized mouth, a new family, genus and species was erected. Since its discovery, only around a hundred individuals have been observed or caught (Liu et al., 2018). Watanabe u0026 Papastamatiou (2019) compile 117 sightings; mainly in the Pacific, occasionally in the Indian or Atlantic Ocean, but this shark has never been spotted in the North or Mediterranean Sea (Fernando et al., 2015; Liu et al., 2018). The published fossil record is equally very poor. Fossil megachasmids have only been reported sporadically and are mostly based on one or two teeth: in Europe (Keupp u0026 Bellas, 2002; De Schutter, 2009; Reinecke et al., 2011; Spadini u0026 Manganelli, 2015; Shimada u0026 Ward, 2016), Asia (Tomita u0026 Yokoyama 2015), North America (Purdy et al., 2001; De Schutter, 2009) and South America (Gonzalez-Barba u0026 Thies, 2000; De Schutter, 2009; Cappetta, 2012; Landini et al., 2019). An exception is the large number of megachasmid teeth reported from late Oligocene to early Miocene deposits in western USA (California and Oregon), already kn

A megamouth shark (Lamniformes: Megachasmidae) in the Burdigalian of Belgium